![]() ![]() Apoptosis is a mode of cell death that involves cell activating enzymes that break down a cell's own DNA, proteins and nuclei. Heterolysis - Inflammatory mediators such as neutrophils release hydrolytic enzymes to disintegrate cells.Īpoptosis - This type of cell death is also called programmed cell death. Some tissues, such as the pancreas and gastric mucosa, undergo autolysis others, such as the heart, liver, and kidney, undergo intermediate to slow autolysis. As a result of degradative enzymes on lethally injured cells, it results in the dissolution of the cells due to the loss of membrane integrity and leakage of cellular contents.Īutolysis (self digestion) - An enzyme released from the lysosomes is responsible for the cell's disintegration. Necrosis - The morphological changes that accompany necrosis are caused by lethally injured cells. Nutritional dearrangementCell injuries can be divided into two categories:.Acquired causesAcquired causes include the following:.As a result of its internal and external environments, cells experience a variety of stresses that cause injury.There are physiological and pathological stresses. Injury: Stress that exceeds the capacity of the cell to adapt.Adaption: An adaptation is a response to a stimulus by modifying morphology and function of a cell.When the cell is under excessive physiological or pathological stress, it may settle into a new steady state:.The process by which cells maintain their steady state is called homeostasis.All organ injuries are caused by molecular or structural changes in the cell. ![]()
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